Python smtplib 发送邮件

Hiroko

2022 年 11 月 29 日

1449 次浏览

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学习笔记

SMTP（Simple Mail Transfer Protocol）是简单传输协议，它是一组用于用于由源地址到目的地址的邮件传输规则。

python中对SMTP进行了简单的封装，可以发送纯文本邮件、HTML邮件以及带附件的邮件。核心模块：

**email模块：负责构建邮件**
**smtplib模块：负责发送邮件**

#### 实例:
```python
import smtplib
import time
from email.header import Header  # 设置标题字符集
from email.mime.multipart import MIMEMultipart  # 带多个部分的邮件
from email.mime.text import MIMEText  # html格式和文本格式邮件
from email.utils import formataddr  # 分隔标题与地址
from email.mime.image import MIMEImage  # 带图片格式邮件
from email.mime.audio import MIMEAudio  # 音频文件对象
from email.mime.application import MIMEApplication  # 主要类型的MIME消息对象应用
from email import encoders  # 编码器
from email.mime.base import MIMEBase

SSL = True  # 如果SSL为真,使用SSL方式发送邮件,为假,不使用SSL
SMTP_PORT_SSL = 465  # 邮箱发送SSL端口
SMTP_PORT = 25  # 邮箱发送端口
SMTP_SERVER = 'smtp server'  # 邮箱SMTP服务器
USER_EMAIL = 'Email'  # 发送所使用的邮箱账号
USER_NAME = 'Name'  # 发件人名称
PASSWORD_EMAIL = 'Password'  # 邮箱密码

def send_email(title, email, text):  # 邮件标题,收件人,邮件内容
    if title == '':
        print('请输入邮件标题')
    elif email == '':
        print('请输入收件人邮箱')
    elif text == '':
        print('请输入邮件内容')
    else:
        sender_email = USER_EMAIL
        receiver_email = email  # 收件人邮箱
        subject = title  # 发送的标题
        subject = Header(subject, 'utf-8').encode()
        # 构造邮件对像MIMEMultipart对象
        msg = MIMEMultipart('mixed')
        msg['Subject'] = subject  # 邮件的标题
        msg['From'] = formataddr([USER_NAME, USER_EMAIL])  # 括号里的对应发件人邮箱昵称、发件人邮箱账号
        msg['To'] = email
        text_plain = MIMEText(text, 'html', 'utf-8')  # 邮件内容为HTML超文本
        msg.attach(text_plain)

# 构建HTML格式邮件带图片内容
        # 添加的图片src必须是cid:xxx的形式,如:cid:image1,第二个图片就如cid:image2
        html1 = "<div><img src='cid:imgid'></div>"
        msg_html_img = MIMEText(html1, 'html', 'utf-8')
        msg.attach(msg_html_img)
        with open('p.png', 'rb') as f:  # 打开图片
            msg_img = MIMEImage(f.read())  # 读入图片
        msg_img.add_header('Content-ID', 'imgid')  # 扩展图片标题
        msg.attach(msg_img)  # 添加到内容

# 带附件的邮件MIMEApplication
        # filename='file.docx'
        # with open(filename, 'rb') as f:  # 打开附件
        #    attachfile = MIMEApplication(f.read())  # 读入附件
        # attachfile.add_header('Content-Disposition', 'attachment', filename=filename)  # 扩展附件标题
        # msg.attach(attachfile)  # 添加附件到内容

# 带多个附件的邮件MIMEApplication
        filenames = ['file.docx', 'file2.docx']
        for filename in filenames:
            with open(filename, 'rb') as f:
                attachfiles = MIMEApplication(f.read())
                attachfiles.add_header('Content-Disposition', 'attachment', filename=filename)
                msg.attach(attachfiles)

# 发送邮件
        if SSL:
            smtp = smtplib.SMTP_SSL(SMTP_SERVER, SMTP_PORT_SSL)  # SSL连接
            PORT = SMTP_PORT_SSL
        else:
            smtp = smtplib.SMTP()  # 普通连接
            PORT = SMTP_PORT
        try:
            smtp.connect(SMTP_SERVER, PORT)  # 连接邮件服务器
            smtp.login(USER_EMAIL, PASSWORD_EMAIL)  # 验证发件人账号密码
            smtp.sendmail(sender_email, receiver_email, msg.as_string())  # 发送邮件
            smtp.quit()  # 退出SMTP
            print(time.strftime('%Y-%m-%d  %H:%M:%S'), '邮件发送完成')
        except smtplib.SMTPConnectError as e:
            print(time.strftime('%Y-%m-%d  %H:%M:%S'), 'Error:连接失败: ', e.smtp_code, e.smtp_error)
        except smtplib.SMTPAuthenticationError as e:
            print(time.strftime('%Y-%m-%d  %H:%M:%S'), 'Error:认证失败: ', e.smtp_code, e.smtp_error)
        except smtplib.SMTPSenderRefused as e:
            print(time.strftime('%Y-%m-%d  %H:%M:%S'), 'Error:发件人被拒绝: ', e.smtp_code, e.smtp_error)
        except smtplib.SMTPRecipientsRefused as e:
            print(time.strftime('%Y-%m-%d  %H:%M:%S'), 'Error:收件人被拒绝: ', e.smtp_code, e.smtp_error)
        except smtplib.SMTPDataError as e:
            print(time.strftime('%Y-%m-%d  %H:%M:%S'), 'Error:数据接收拒绝: ', e.smtp_code, e.smtp_error)
        except smtplib.SMTPException as e:
            print(time.strftime('%Y-%m-%d  %H:%M:%S'), 'Error:邮件发送失败: ', e.message)
        except Exception as e:
            print(time.strftime('%Y-%m-%d  %H:%M:%S'), 'Error:邮件发送异常: ', str(e))

if __name__ == '__main__':
    send_email('测试邮件标题', 'xxxxx@xxx.com', '<b>测试邮件内容</b>')

```

Python smtplib 发送邮件